Investigation of photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized by sol–gel technique

Anatase phase TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by sol–gel method using titanium(IV) butoxide as a starting material. The pH of solution was maintained adding HNO3 and NaOH. obtained powder heat-treated at 350 °C for 2 h. XRD study shows that the crystalline size crystallinity samples increase with solution. Raman spectra confirm dominance anatase TiO2. Morphology done scanning electron microscope (SEM). prepared calculated confirmed TEM analysis. energy bandgap optical absorption it found to decrease increasing photodegradation activity Indigo Carmine (IC) dye under visible light irradiation carried out nanoparticles. removal degree mineralization after studied HPLC TOC analysis respectively.